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→SiPM Measurements
The first remarkable feature of the the SiPM statistics is the presence of discrete peaks in the histogram of charge collected in the SiPM(proportional to the SiPM signal (V) integral (Vs) by 1/Gain<sub>trans-impedance</sub> (A/V). This allows us to determine the charge collected per activated pixel (per photon) and therefore gives the gain of the device. This is the "self-calibration" referred to above.
The first remarkable feature of the the SiPM statistics is the presence of discrete peaks in the histogram of charge collected in the SiPM(proportional to the SiPM signal (V) integral (Vs) by 1/Gain<sub>trans-impedance</sub> (A/V). This allows us to determine the charge collected per activated pixel (per photon) and therefore gives the gain of the device. This is the "self-calibration" referred to above.
The general analysis procedure was to
# histogram the collected set of function integrals
# get the pedestal: the first peak corresponds to events with no photon hits, so it properly belongs at zero (charge collected)
# gain is calculated and histogram rescaled: the width between adjacent peaks corresponds to the the gain in units of Vs/pixel. (Using the amplifier trans-impedance gain value, this can later be converted to charge/pixel)
# mean of this shifted, rescaled set is calculated. Since each peak is now pegged to photon count, the mean is in the units of average photons received. Based on this value, corrected by the dark count (described below), the efficiency of the SiPM can be calculated by comparing this average flux to that felt by the HPD.
This procedure is repeated with the LED and/or SiPM covered to measure the dark rate. Depending on which distribution showed the photon peaks more distinctly, either the illuminated or dark datasets were used for the gain calculation and pedestal calculation. Either way, a mean was extracted from the dark distribution to calculate the dark rate and to subtract the average dark pixel count measured from the average pixel count measured while illuminated.
Below is the summary of results obtained from these measurements performed on the two SiPMs acquired from Photonique.
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