Digital control board documentation
This documentation covers the most important things to know while testing the digital control board, including component pinouts, nets, and other information.
Power Requirements
Required Voltages
All components on the digital board except the DAC can be tested using only a +5V source. The DAC requires +5V, -5V, and a high voltage corresponding to 10V higher than the maximum desired DAC output voltage (see Setting the Output Range). Digital and analog grounds must be connected as well before any testing takes place.
Power Pins
Power shall be connected to the board as follows:
| Voltage | Eurocard Pin |
| DGND | A6 |
| AGND | A5 |
| +5V | A4 |
| -5V | A3 |
| High voltage (DAC max out +10) |
A2 |
Power Supply Sequencing
The control board is designed such that voltages may be supplied in any order so long as AGND and DGND are connected properly. However, for initial testing, the preferred order for powering up the board is as follows:
- Ensure AGND/DGND are connected/grounded
- +5V
- -5V
- High voltage
FPGA
The control board uses a Xilinx XC3S50A VQ100 FPGA. It has a 100 pin footprint and is located in the center of the control board.
Power Details
The FPGA is powered by the 3.3V power plane, which is regulated by VR1. The FPGA also obtains 1.2V for its internal logic from a 1.2V power island, regulated by VR3.
Logic Standard
The Xilinx XC3S50A supports several different digital logic standards. The control board is hard wired such that the FPGA will use a 3.3V CMOS logic standard.
Pinout Table
| Pin # | Net Name | Description |
| P1 | FPGA/TMS | JTAG |
| P2 | FPGA/TDI | JTAG |
| P3 | AD7928/CS | SPI chip select for ADC |
| P4 | SPI | Erroneously wired SPI bus trace Connects to SDO on temp. sensor and DIN on ADC |
| P5 | CLK_5MHZ | 5 MHz clock output for SPI bus (ADC and temp. sensor) |
| P6 | No connection | |
| P7 | No connection | |
| P8 | DGND | |
| P9 | No connection | |
| P10 | No connection | |
| P11 | +3.3V | |
| P12 | No connection | |
| P13 | No connection | |
| P14 | DGND | |
| P15 | No connection | |
| P16 | No connection | |
| P17 | +1.2V | |
| P18 | DGND | |
| P19 | No connection | |
| P20 | No connection | |
| P21 | No connection | |
| P22 | +3.3V | |
| P23 | DGND | |
| P24 | DGND | |
| P25 | DGND | |
| P26 | +3.3V | |
| P27 | FPGA/CLK_IN | 20 MHz clock input from crystal oscillator |
| P28 | No connection | |
| P29 | No connection | |
| P30 | No connection | |
| P31 | No connection | |
| P32 | No connection | |
| P33 | No connection | |
| P34 | No connection | |
| P35 | CP2201/INT | Ethernet controller interrupt |
| P36 | MASTER_RESET | Connects to RESET jumper in upper left of board (active-low, externally pulled up) |
| P37 | No connection | |
| P38 | +1.2V | |
| P39 | No connection | |
| P40 | CP2201/CS | Chip select for ethernet controller |
| P41 | CP2201/WR | Write enable for ethernet controller |
| P42 | DGND | |
| P43 | CP2201/RD | Read enable for ethernet controller |
| P44 | CP2201/ALE | Address line enable for ethernet controller |
| P45 | +3.3V | |
| P46 | CP2201/RESET | Reset pin for ethernet controller |
| P47 | DGND | |
| P48 | FPGA/INIT_B | Used during FPGA configuration - see Xilinx documentation |
| P49 | CP2201/AD0 | Ethernet controller address/data bus, bit 0 |
| P50 | CP2201/AD1 | Ethernet controller address/data bus, bit 1 |
| P51 | FPGA/DIN | Serial data input from EEPROM for configuration |
| P52 | CP2201/AD2 | Ethernet controller address/data bus, bit 2 |
| P53 | FPGA/CCLK | Configuration clock (signal generated by FPGA at power on to clock the configuration process) See Xilinx documentation |
| P54 | FPGA/DONE | Gives configuration status - see Xilinx documentation |
| P55 | +3.3V | |
| P56 | CP2201/AD3 | Ethernet controller address/data bus, bit 3 |
| P57 | CP2201/AD4 | Ethernet controller address/data bus, bit 4 |
| P58 | DGND | |
| P59 | CP2201/AD5 | Ethernet controller address/data bus, bit 5 |
| P60 | CP2201/AD6 | Ethernet controller address/date bus, bit 6 |
| P61 | CP2201/AD7 | Ethernet controller address/date bus, bit 7 |
| P62 | No connection | |
| P63 | DGND | |
| P64 | No connection | |
| P65 | No connection | |
| P66 | +1.2V | |
| P67 | +3.3V | |
| P68 | +3.3V | |
| P69 | DGND | |
| P70 | ID3 | Backplane location identifier jumper, pins 3 & 4 Active-low, FPGA should pull high |
| P71 | ID2 | Backplane location identifier jumper, pins 5 & 6 Active-low, FPGA should pull high |
| P72 | ID1 | Backplane location identifier jumper, pins 7 & 8 Active-low, FPGA should pull high |
| P73 | ID0 | Backplane location identifier jumper, pins 9 & 10 Active-low, FPGA should pull high |
| P74 | DGND | |
| P75 | FPGA/TDO | JTAG |
| P76 | FPGA/TCK | JTAG |
| P77 | ID4 | Backplane location identifier jumper, pins 1 & 2 Active-low, FPGA should pull high |
| P78 | No connection | |
| P79 | +3.3V | |
| P80 | DGND | |
| P81 | +1.2V | |
| P82 | No connection | |
| P83 | CLK_5MHZ_2 | 5 MHz clock output for DAC |
| P84 | No connection | |
| P85 | AD5535/DIN | DAC serial data input (FPGA out -> DAC in) |
| P86 | No connection | |
| P87 | DGND | |
| P89 | No connection | |
| P90 | No connection | |
| P91 | DGND | |
| P92 | +3.3V | |
| P93 | AD7314/CE | Chip enable for temperature sensor |
| P94 | No connection | |
| P95 | DGND | |
| P96 | +3.3V | |
| P97 | AD7928/DOUT | Erroneously wired ADC SPI bus connection Connects to DOUT on ADC |
| P98 | AD5535/RESET | Reset pin for DAC |
| P99 | DGND | |
| P100 | FPGA/PROG_B | Used during FPGA configuration - see Xilinx documentation |
EEPROM
To facilitate power-on configuration of the FPGA, the control board includes a Xilinx XCF01S EEPROM. The EEPROM is located to the left of the FPGA, above the JTAG header, and has a 20 pin footprint. The EEPROM is labelled U5.
Power Details
The EEPROM uses +3.3V exclusively, which it receives from the +3.3V power plane, regulated by VR1.
Flashing/Burning/Writing
Whatever you call it, this refers to storing data in the EEPROM so that it can configure the FPGA at power-on. The EEPROM is programmed using a JTAG interface and the Xilinx Platform USB II cable. It is important to note that in digital board's JTAG chain, the EEPROM is the first device in the chain, unlike in the Xilinx documentation where it is shown as the second device. This should not affect the operation of the board, but should be reflected in the Xilinx software when writing the EEPROM via JTAG.
FPGA Configuration
The EEPROM and FPGA are hardwired to use a master serial protocol to transfer the program from the EEPROM to the FPGA. This is the protocol recommended in the Xilinx documentation because it minimizes the number of traces necessary to run between the EEPROM and FPGA. All configuration data is sent over a single trace, FPGA/DIN (pin 1 on EEPROM), controlled by the configuration clock signal (FPGA/CCLK) which is automatically generated by the FPGA at power-on. When configuration is complete, FPGA/DONE (pin 10) is pulled high by the FPGA, and the EEPROM and configuration clock are deactivated.
Pinout Table
| Pin # | Net Name | Description |
| 1 | FPGA/DIN | Serial data line Carries data from the EEPROM to the FPGA |
| 2 | No connection | |
| 3 | FPGA/CCLK | Configuration clock Auto generated by FPGA at power-on, disabled at end of configuration |
| 4 | EEPROM/TDI | This is the EEPROM's TDI This is the entry point for the onboard JTAG chain |
| 5 | FPGA/TMS | JTAG TMS Connects to both FPGA and EEPROM |
| 6 | FPGA/TCK | JTAG TCK Connects to both FPGA and EEPROM |
| 7 | FPGA/PROG_B | Used during configuration See Xilinx documentation |
| 8 | FPGA/INIT_B | Used during configuration - can be used to intiate reconfiguration of FPGA See Xilinx documentation |
| 9 | No connection | |
| 10 | FPGA/DONE | Indicates completion of FPGA configuration High when complete |
| 11 | DGND | |
| 12-16 | No connection | |
| 17 | FPGA/TDI | This is the EEPROM's TDO/FPGA's TDI |
| 18-20 | +3.3V |
JTAG Header
To write the FPGA's program to the EEPROM, the board employs a JTAG based programming system consistent with Xilinx's recommendations. The system is designed to operate with Xilnx's Platform USB II cable and the flying lead adapter.
Header Location and Size
The header consists of 14 pins, 100 mil pitch, just below the EEPROM (U5). The header is labelled P1. The pitch of the pins in the header was erroneously selected to be 100 mil, which is not compatible with Xilinx's JTAG ribbon cable. Therefore, the Xilinx flying lead adapter must be used.
Power Details
The JTAG interface is powered by the +3.3V power plane, not by the computer's USB port. Power is supplied through pin 2 of the JTAG header.
Pinout Table
Note that the header is positioned on the board rotated 180 degrees from the position in which it is shown in the Xilinx documentation. Care must be taken when connecting the flying leads to ensure they are connected to the right pins. Connecting the flying leads to the wrong side of the header will cause all of the leads to short on the digital board's ground plane. This will certainly cause undesired operation, and may or may not cause damage. Improper wiring is most likely to cause damage if one of the flying leads is connected to an odd numbered pin. Note from the pinout table below that no flying lead connections should ever be made to the odd numbered pins on the JTAG header.
| Pin # | Net Name | Description |
| 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 (odd pins) | DGND | Ground pins for signal integrity Never connect a flying lead to these pins Doing so will short to ground and may cause permanent damage if the Platform USB II cable does not have protection against this. |
| 2 | +3.3V | Power source for all JTAG logic |
| 4 | FPGA/TMS | JTAG TMS - connects to EEPROM and FPGA |
| 6 | FPGA/TCK | JTAG TCK - connects to EEPROM and FPGA |
| 8 | FPGA/TDO | JTAG boundary scan chain endpoint |
| 10 | EEPROM/TDI | JTAG boundary scan chain start point |
| 12 | No connection | Pin is floating |
| 14 | No connection | Pin is floating |
JTAG Overview
The JTAG interface is clocked by the TCK signal. TCK is generated by the Platform USB II cable, and connects directly from the JTAG header to both the EEPROM and FPGA.
The TMS signal is directly connected to both the EEPROM and FPGA, and is the data line over which JTAG test results (in this case programming results) are sent. TMS is used by only one component at a time.
The TDI/TDO lines form a chain that connects to each JTAG component in series. On the control board, the first point in the chain is the EEPROM's TDI. Next is the EEPROM's TDO, which is the same as the FPGA's TDI. The FPGA's TDO then returns to the JTAG header and the Platform USB II cable.
DAC
The control board uses the Analog Devices AD5535, 32-channel, 200V max, digital to analog converter. This chip has a modified BC-124 BGA footprint and is located above the Eurocard connector at the bottom of the board. It is labelled U3.
Power Details
The DAC is primarily powered by the +5V power island, regulated by an off-board power supply and extensively decoupled in the area of the DAC. The DAC also requires -5V, and a high voltage as discussed in Power Requirements. Both of these voltages are supplied by an off-board supply and decoupled near the DAC. In addition to these voltage levels, the DAC requires a precise +2.5V reference, created by the shunt-type voltage reference VR4.
Setting the Output Range
The output range of the DAC is set by the 2.5V reference voltage supplied by VR4. The high voltage power supply must supply at a minimum 50 times this voltage, plus 10. Thus, the high voltage power supply should be at least 135V for DAC to operate properly, even though the SiPMs are expected to need only 40V. If it is convenient to use a lower high voltage, VR4 must be replaced to provide lower reference voltage. The high voltage may then be decreased appropriately. To summarize:
- Max output voltage = VREF*50
- Minimum high voltage supply = VREF*50 + 10
- Acceptable range for VREF
- Min: 1V
- Max: 3.75V (AD5535 datasheet specifies 4V max, but this would require AVCC of 5.25V for the DAC, which is not possible in the current board design)
If relevant, R13 is a 100K resistor.
Thermal Diode
The DAC has a built in thermal diode. The diode drop from anode to cathode is typically 0.65V at 25°C. It changes at a rate of -2.20mV/°C. The anode of this diode is connected to the +5V power island, and the cathode is connected to a 270K resistor to ground. The voltage between the cathode and the resistor is connected to VIN1 (pin 15) on the ADC.
Pinout Table
See documentation from Analog Devices.
Channel Mapping
Due to the layout of the balls on the footprint of the DAC, the DAC's internal channel numbers (which must be referenced by the FPGA) have no correlation to the channel numbers on the amplifier board. This table summarizes the mapping between various pins that belong to each channel.
| DAC Channel # | DAC Pin # | Digital Board Eurocard Pin # | Amplifier Board Eurocard Pin # | Physical Channel # |
| 0 | B1 | B3 | ||
| 1 | A2 | C4 | ||
| 2 | D1 | B2 | ||
| 3 | C2 | C3 | ||
| 4 | B3 | B4 | ||
| 5 | E2 | C2 | ||
| 6 | F3 | B1 | ||
| 7 | A4 | B5 | ||
| 8 | E4 | C5 | ||
| 9 | B5 | C6 | ||
| 10 | F5 | C1 | ||
| 11 | A6 | C7 | ||
| 12 | E6 | B6 | ||
| 13 | B7 | B7 | ||
| 14 | F7 | C10 | ||
| 15 | E8 | C8 | ||
| 16 | A8 | B8 | ||
| 17 | B9 | C9 | ||
| 18 | F9 | C16 | ||
| 19 | E10 | B11 | ||
| 20 | A10 | B9 | ||
| 21 | B11 | B10 | ||
| 22 | C12 | B12 | ||
| 23 | D13 | B13 | ||
| 24 | E12 | B14 | ||
| 25 | A12 | C11 | ||
| 26 | B13 | C12 | ||
| 27 | H13 | B16 | ||
| 28 | G14 | B15 | ||
| 29 | C14 | C13 | ||
| 30 | F13 | C15 | ||
| 31 | E14 | C14 | DACHEALTH See ADC Channel Descriptions. |
ADC
The board includes an Analog Devices AD7928 analog to digital converter. The ADC is located just to the right and slightly below the FPGA. It is labelled U4.
Power Details
The ADC is powered by the +5V power island, regulated by an off-board power supply, and decoupled near the ADC. It also requires a precise (±1%) 2.5V reference to which it compares voltages when converting from analog to digital. Since the +5V power source is not used for comparison, it is flexible and may vary by ±0.25V without affecting ADC precision.
Setting the Measuring Range
The measuring range is set programmatically by the FPGA over the SPI bus. The way the ADC is connected on the digital board requires that its measuring range be set to 5V, so the RANGE bit should be set to 1 by the FPGA (see Analog Devices documentation).
Channel Descriptions
This table shows what signals are monitored by the ADC.
| ADC Channel # | ADC Pin # | Net Name | Description |
| VIN0 | 16 | AD7928/VHEALTH | This net helps to monitor to overall health of power on the board, but is specifically intended to monitor -5V. It's voltage is the output of a resistor divider between the +5 and -5V power supplies, with resistor values of 33.2K, and 100K. Assuming +5V and -5V are both correct, the output of the divider will be +2.51V. A reading of other than 2.51V indicates a problem with one of the power supplies. Problems with the +5V power supply can be ruled out by reading VIN3. Based on the reading from VIN3, the voltage of the -5V supply can be calculated. |
| VIN1 | 15 | AD5535/CATHODE | This is the thermal diode output from the DAC. Should read 4.35V (typical) at 25°C. Drops 2.20mV/°C. |
| VIN2 | 14 | +3.3V | This is the +3.3V power plane. A reading of other than +3.3V indicates a problem with VR1. |
| VIN3 | 13 | +5V | This is the +5V power island. A reading of other than +5V indicates a problem with the +5V power supply. |
| VIN4 | 12 | ADC_EXT1 | This trace routes to the backplane via Eurocard pin A7. It is intended to measure the output of thermistor on the amplifier board. |
| VIN5 | 11 | +1.2V | This is the +1.2V power island. This island powers the internal logic of the FPGA. A reading of other than 1.2V indicates a problem with VR3. |
| VIN6 | 10 | ADC_EXT2 | This trace routes to the backplane via Eurocard pin A8. It is intended to measure one of the transistor base voltages on the amplifier board. |
| VIN7 | 9 | DACHEALTH | This channel monitors the output of a resistor divider connected to channel 31 of the DAC. The divider consists of three resistors of 200K, 200K, and 10.2K (in order). The ADC reads out the voltage level between the second 200K and then 10.2K resistor. These resistors were selected so that at 200V, the readout voltage will be 4.878V. Since the divider should be linear, the expected voltage at 20V is 0.4878V. Three resistors were used rather than two to avoid exceeding the resistors' power ratings when the DAC is set to its maximum voltage. Note that since this divider will consume up to 484uA of current at 200V, this DAC channel should not be used for anything that might require more than ~200uA of current. The channel is routed to the backplane nonetheless. |