where <math>\theta</math> is the entry angle at a given lens, <math>O</math> is the directional offset at the given lens, F is the focal length of the given lens, S is the spacing between the given lens and the next lens, and <math>R_p</math> is the value of R at the previous lens. | where <math>\theta</math> is the entry angle at a given lens, <math>O</math> is the directional offset at the given lens, F is the focal length of the given lens, S is the spacing between the given lens and the next lens, and <math>R_p</math> is the value of R at the previous lens. |