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added fall 2008 semester review
My name is Woody Underwood. I'm a junior entering my sixth semester in the physics program at UConn. During the fall 2008 semester, I worked in the lab of Dr. Richard Jones designing electronics for the US department of Energy's GlueX experiment. My assignment was to develop three circuit boards that work together to tag photons coming from the diamond radiator. My circuitry essentially measures (indirectly) the energy of these photons in order to determine if they are of interest to GlueX. The three boards I designed consist of a digital board, an analog board, and a connecting backplane.
My circuitry works as follows:
Electrons leaving the diamond radiator pass through a scintillating fibre, producing photons whose intensity is proportional to the energy of the electrons (hence inversely so to the photons from the diamond radiator). A wave guide carries these photons to a SiPM (silicon photomultiplier) mounted on the analog circuit board. The analog board contains transimpedance amplifier and summing circuitry to output the signal via LEMO for further analysis.
The sensitivity of the SiPMs and the gain of the amplifiers on the analog board are controlled both by the power supply VCC and bias voltages supplied from the digital board. The digital board receives commands from a computer via ethernet, and uses a 32-channel DAC to output appropriate bias voltages to the SiPMs on the analog board. The digital and analog boards are connected by means of a backplane, which is also responsible for providing power and grounds to both boards.
All circuitry design work was done using Altium Designer. The digital board was the first to be designed. The first step in designing the digital board was to review the list of key components that had already been selected by Igor and Dr. Jones. These components included such things as the Xilinx Spartan-3A FPGA, and the Analog Devices AD5535 DAC. I began by looking through datasheets for these components to find out their needs, including power and decoupling requirements. I reviewed the pinout diagrams, and then looked through Altium’s standard libraries to find components that matched (in many cases the particular component I was looking for was not in the library, but a similar footprint or schematic symbol was). For components without matching schematic symbols, I entered pinout information from the datasheets into Microsoft Excel, using a layout compatible with Altium’s Smart Grid Insert function. Then, I was able to literally copy and paste pin information from Excel into Altium to generate the schematic symbols I needed.
Once I had appropriate schematic symbols available for all parts, I began making appropriate connections in the schematic view in Altium. Though tedious, this task was not exceedingly difficult. I finished the schematics in several days, and then moved on to PCB design. I switched into Altium's PCB view. The footprints corresponding to the components I used in the schematics were automatically inserted by Altium. My job was then to position these components in logical places on the board and make all of the connections corresponding to the nets defined in the schematics.
Due to the large number of components being placed in the limited space available on the digital board, Altium's auto-router proved completely useless. Therefore, I routed the board manually. Despite Altium's revolutionary convergence of schematic and PCB design into a single program, this was no easy task. During the routing process, I had to take into account not only the connections that had to be made, but also things such as avoiding crosstalk and minimizing trace length for sensitive components. I was able to complete routing after several weeks of work. The digital board design has since been completed and the board has been printed. It is currently awaiting assembly.
The analog board provided a host of new challenges. The basic schematic for the transimpedance amplifier on the analog board was completed by Igor and Dr. Jones before the semester. Inputting the schematic into Altium was not very difficult. However, one problem I encountered was that the analog board contains 32 copies of this amplifier circuitry. After failing to find any way to insert multiple copies of both the schematic and its corresponding PCB layout, I decided to insert only single copies if each schematic page, and copy and paste the PCB layout to produce 32 copies of the amplifier circuitry. At first this seemed like a quick and easy way to get all of the necessary circuitry onto the PCB. However, I eventually discovered that this procedure would lead to major problems with the board assembly process (due to duplicate component designators, and for other reasons). Fortunately, this revelation came around the same time that Igor and Dr. Jones found a problem with the performance of the amplifier circuit. Making any changes to the amplifier circuit at this point will require a major reroute of all the traces on the analog board. Since the board needs to be completely redesigned anyway, this will give me another chance to find a way to match schematics with all 32 copies of the amplifier circuitry.
The backplane design is currently in progress. It should be relatively easy to complete. All that remains to be done is to add the LEMO connectors and power inputs. The board is simple enough that it can be routed completely by the auto-router, though a quick hand routing will probably be superior. I anticipate that I can complete the backplane with a few days of concentrated work over break.
Included below are links to the files I have been working on. Included in the files for each board is a "SmartPDF," viewable in Adobe Reader. For those without Altium Designer, these may be the best files to look at. They include complete schematics and PCB layout, and are also indexed by component.
Any questions about the tagger circuitry can be directed to me at mitchell.underwood@uconn.edu
==Table of Contents==
• [DigitalBoard.zip | http://zeus.phys.uconn.edu/halld/tagger/electronics/design-12-2008/DigitalBoard.zip]:
o Altium Project File (SiPM Control Board.PrjPcb)
o Altium PCB Layout File (Prototype1.PcbDoc)
o Altium Schematic Files (*.SchDoc)
o Altium Annotation Document (SiPM Control Board.Annotation)
Not used, but generated by Altium when opening the project
o Altium PRJPCBSTRUCTURE File (SiPM Control Board.PRJPCBSTRUCTURE)
Not used, but generated by Altium when opening the project)
o “SmartPDF” of the board and schematics (SiPM Control Board.pdf)
Can be used to explore the PCB layout and schematics without needing Altium
o Pick and Place File for board population (Pick Place for Prototype1.txt)
Used by board assembler
o NC Drill Files (Prototype1.txt, Prototype1.DRR, Prototype1.DRL)
Used by board assembler
o Gerber Files for all layers (in folder Gerbers)
Used by board printer
o Altium CAMtastic file (CAMtastic4 FINAL.Cam)
Basically a composite of all the Gerbers
o Photos and 3D rendering of populated board
In folder “Photos”
o EMF Files showing different layers
In folder “EMF Renderings”
o AutoCad File of PCB (Prototype1 Autocad.DWG)
o Altium Library of Custom Footprints for Digital Board (GlueX IC Library.SchLib)
Current as of completiong of digital board
This library has since been updated for the backplane
• [Analog Board 20081211.zip | http://zeus.phys.uconn.edu/halld/tagger/electronics/design-12-2008/Analog Board 20081211.zip]:
o Altium Project File (AnalogBoard.PrjPcb)
o Altium PCB Layout File (AnalogBoardPCB.PcbDoc)
o Altium Schematic Files (Amplifer1.SchDoc, Summer.SchDoc)
o “SmartPDF” of the board and schematics (AnalogBoard.pdf)
o Altium Component Definition for SiPM (SiPM Library.PcbLib)
Contains part footprint and pin information for the SiPM component
• [Backplane 20081211.zip | http://zeus.phys.uconn.edu/halld/tagger/electronics/design-12-2008/Backplane 20081211.zip]
o Altium Project File (Backplane.PrjPcb)
o Alitum PCB Layout File (Backplane.PcbDoc)
o Altium Schematic Files (Analog Connector.SchDoc, Digital Connector.SchDoc)
Analog Connector = Eurocard to analog board
Digital Connector = Eurocard to digital board, +3.3V voltage regulator, and location identifier jumper
LEMO connections not yet included in these schematics
o “SmartPDF” of the board and schematics (Backplane.pdf)
o Pin layout files used to define pinouts for custom components (Pin Layout, 96 pin connector.xlsx, Pinouts.xlsx)
Pin Layout, 96 pin connector = pinout definition for 96 pin Eurocard connector
Pinouts.xlsx = pinout definitions for digital board, which were reused for the 48 pin digital Eurocard receptacle on backplane
o Altium Library of Custom Components (GlueX IC Library.SchLib)
UPDATED to include new backplane components
An older version of this library was used for the digital board
My circuitry works as follows:
Electrons leaving the diamond radiator pass through a scintillating fibre, producing photons whose intensity is proportional to the energy of the electrons (hence inversely so to the photons from the diamond radiator). A wave guide carries these photons to a SiPM (silicon photomultiplier) mounted on the analog circuit board. The analog board contains transimpedance amplifier and summing circuitry to output the signal via LEMO for further analysis.
The sensitivity of the SiPMs and the gain of the amplifiers on the analog board are controlled both by the power supply VCC and bias voltages supplied from the digital board. The digital board receives commands from a computer via ethernet, and uses a 32-channel DAC to output appropriate bias voltages to the SiPMs on the analog board. The digital and analog boards are connected by means of a backplane, which is also responsible for providing power and grounds to both boards.
All circuitry design work was done using Altium Designer. The digital board was the first to be designed. The first step in designing the digital board was to review the list of key components that had already been selected by Igor and Dr. Jones. These components included such things as the Xilinx Spartan-3A FPGA, and the Analog Devices AD5535 DAC. I began by looking through datasheets for these components to find out their needs, including power and decoupling requirements. I reviewed the pinout diagrams, and then looked through Altium’s standard libraries to find components that matched (in many cases the particular component I was looking for was not in the library, but a similar footprint or schematic symbol was). For components without matching schematic symbols, I entered pinout information from the datasheets into Microsoft Excel, using a layout compatible with Altium’s Smart Grid Insert function. Then, I was able to literally copy and paste pin information from Excel into Altium to generate the schematic symbols I needed.
Once I had appropriate schematic symbols available for all parts, I began making appropriate connections in the schematic view in Altium. Though tedious, this task was not exceedingly difficult. I finished the schematics in several days, and then moved on to PCB design. I switched into Altium's PCB view. The footprints corresponding to the components I used in the schematics were automatically inserted by Altium. My job was then to position these components in logical places on the board and make all of the connections corresponding to the nets defined in the schematics.
Due to the large number of components being placed in the limited space available on the digital board, Altium's auto-router proved completely useless. Therefore, I routed the board manually. Despite Altium's revolutionary convergence of schematic and PCB design into a single program, this was no easy task. During the routing process, I had to take into account not only the connections that had to be made, but also things such as avoiding crosstalk and minimizing trace length for sensitive components. I was able to complete routing after several weeks of work. The digital board design has since been completed and the board has been printed. It is currently awaiting assembly.
The analog board provided a host of new challenges. The basic schematic for the transimpedance amplifier on the analog board was completed by Igor and Dr. Jones before the semester. Inputting the schematic into Altium was not very difficult. However, one problem I encountered was that the analog board contains 32 copies of this amplifier circuitry. After failing to find any way to insert multiple copies of both the schematic and its corresponding PCB layout, I decided to insert only single copies if each schematic page, and copy and paste the PCB layout to produce 32 copies of the amplifier circuitry. At first this seemed like a quick and easy way to get all of the necessary circuitry onto the PCB. However, I eventually discovered that this procedure would lead to major problems with the board assembly process (due to duplicate component designators, and for other reasons). Fortunately, this revelation came around the same time that Igor and Dr. Jones found a problem with the performance of the amplifier circuit. Making any changes to the amplifier circuit at this point will require a major reroute of all the traces on the analog board. Since the board needs to be completely redesigned anyway, this will give me another chance to find a way to match schematics with all 32 copies of the amplifier circuitry.
The backplane design is currently in progress. It should be relatively easy to complete. All that remains to be done is to add the LEMO connectors and power inputs. The board is simple enough that it can be routed completely by the auto-router, though a quick hand routing will probably be superior. I anticipate that I can complete the backplane with a few days of concentrated work over break.
Included below are links to the files I have been working on. Included in the files for each board is a "SmartPDF," viewable in Adobe Reader. For those without Altium Designer, these may be the best files to look at. They include complete schematics and PCB layout, and are also indexed by component.
Any questions about the tagger circuitry can be directed to me at mitchell.underwood@uconn.edu
==Table of Contents==
• [DigitalBoard.zip | http://zeus.phys.uconn.edu/halld/tagger/electronics/design-12-2008/DigitalBoard.zip]:
o Altium Project File (SiPM Control Board.PrjPcb)
o Altium PCB Layout File (Prototype1.PcbDoc)
o Altium Schematic Files (*.SchDoc)
o Altium Annotation Document (SiPM Control Board.Annotation)
Not used, but generated by Altium when opening the project
o Altium PRJPCBSTRUCTURE File (SiPM Control Board.PRJPCBSTRUCTURE)
Not used, but generated by Altium when opening the project)
o “SmartPDF” of the board and schematics (SiPM Control Board.pdf)
Can be used to explore the PCB layout and schematics without needing Altium
o Pick and Place File for board population (Pick Place for Prototype1.txt)
Used by board assembler
o NC Drill Files (Prototype1.txt, Prototype1.DRR, Prototype1.DRL)
Used by board assembler
o Gerber Files for all layers (in folder Gerbers)
Used by board printer
o Altium CAMtastic file (CAMtastic4 FINAL.Cam)
Basically a composite of all the Gerbers
o Photos and 3D rendering of populated board
In folder “Photos”
o EMF Files showing different layers
In folder “EMF Renderings”
o AutoCad File of PCB (Prototype1 Autocad.DWG)
o Altium Library of Custom Footprints for Digital Board (GlueX IC Library.SchLib)
Current as of completiong of digital board
This library has since been updated for the backplane
• [Analog Board 20081211.zip | http://zeus.phys.uconn.edu/halld/tagger/electronics/design-12-2008/Analog Board 20081211.zip]:
o Altium Project File (AnalogBoard.PrjPcb)
o Altium PCB Layout File (AnalogBoardPCB.PcbDoc)
o Altium Schematic Files (Amplifer1.SchDoc, Summer.SchDoc)
o “SmartPDF” of the board and schematics (AnalogBoard.pdf)
o Altium Component Definition for SiPM (SiPM Library.PcbLib)
Contains part footprint and pin information for the SiPM component
• [Backplane 20081211.zip | http://zeus.phys.uconn.edu/halld/tagger/electronics/design-12-2008/Backplane 20081211.zip]
o Altium Project File (Backplane.PrjPcb)
o Alitum PCB Layout File (Backplane.PcbDoc)
o Altium Schematic Files (Analog Connector.SchDoc, Digital Connector.SchDoc)
Analog Connector = Eurocard to analog board
Digital Connector = Eurocard to digital board, +3.3V voltage regulator, and location identifier jumper
LEMO connections not yet included in these schematics
o “SmartPDF” of the board and schematics (Backplane.pdf)
o Pin layout files used to define pinouts for custom components (Pin Layout, 96 pin connector.xlsx, Pinouts.xlsx)
Pin Layout, 96 pin connector = pinout definition for 96 pin Eurocard connector
Pinouts.xlsx = pinout definitions for digital board, which were reused for the 48 pin digital Eurocard receptacle on backplane
o Altium Library of Custom Components (GlueX IC Library.SchLib)
UPDATED to include new backplane components
An older version of this library was used for the digital board