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* <math>R_7</math>: <math>V_c - I_7 R_7 = V_7</math>
* <math>R_7</math>: <math>V_c - I_7 R_7 = V_7</math>
* <math>R_t</math>: <math>V_{out} - I_t R_t = 0</math>
* <math>R_t</math>: <math>V_{out} - I_t R_t = 0</math>
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=== Node charge flow ===
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Each node must maintain a dynamic equilibrium of charge during steady-state operation. That means that flow of charge (current) into a given node must equal flow of charge (current) out of that same node. Thus the node charge flow equations take the form of
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: <math>\sum I = 0</math>
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or alternately
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: <math>\sum I_{into node} = \sum I_{out of node}</math>.